The Classical Indian Dance Form : Kathak

 

The term Kathak is rooted in the Vedic term Katha (Sanskrit: कथा) which means "story, conversation, traditional tale". Kathak refers to one of the major classical dance form primarily found in northern India, with a historical influence similar to Bharatanatyam in south India, Odissi in east India and other major classical dances found in South Asia.

The genre developed during the Bhakti movement, the trend of theistic devotion which evolved in medieval Hinduism. The Kathakars communicate stories through rhythmic foot movements, hand gestures, facial expressions and eye work.

As Kathak is popular both in Hindu and Muslim communities the costumes of this dance form are made in line with traditions of the respective communities.

Presently, there are four prominent gharanas for Kathak.

1. Lucknow Gharana-
Lucknow Gharana came into existence during the reign of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah in 19th century.
Style: Graceful movements and natural poise.

2. Jaipur Gharana-
Jaipur Gharana fluorished during the tenure of Kachchwaha kings of Jaipur.
Style: The technical aspects of dance, such as footwork and spins are emphasised upon.

3. Banaras Gharana-
This Gharana was started by a person called Janaki Prasad.
Style: Banaras gharana is known for its Natawari compositions, where rhythmic syllables correspond to the sound created by the feet striking the ground.
While the Lucknow and Jaipur Gharanas were influenced during Mughal times, Banaras Gharana largely remained untouched from it.

4. Raigarh Gharana-
This was established by the Maharaja Chakradhar Singh in the princely state of Raigarh(Chhatisgarh). The king was fond of inviting dance luminaries of different Gharanas to his court. Over a period of time, Raigarh developed its own unique style amalgamating the styles of all the older three Gharanas.